“Least Favored Nation”: Pregnancy Discrimination Disparate Impact Claims Post-Young

Assessing the Effects of Most-favored Nation Clauses

Most-favored-nation (MFN) clauses and similar vertical restraints are frequently the object of legal and economic scrutiny. Typically, MFN clauses provide that one party to a contract will grant the other terms that are at least as favorable as those granted to any other party. MFNs are frequently found in industries with complex distribution chains. Some of the most prominent investigations in...

Is Disparate Impact Having Any Impact? An Appellate Analysis of Forty Years of Disparate Impact Claims Under the Fair Housing Act

Disparate Impact Realism

Pregnancy Discrimination in the Wake of Young v. Ups

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 133 I. Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 ..................................................................................................... 136 A. Pregnancy Discrimination Pre-PDA .....................................................

On the Direction of Discrimination: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Disparate Impact in Machine Learning

In the context of machine learning, disparate impact refers to a form of systematic discrimination whereby the output distribution of a model depends on the value of a sensitive attribute (e.g., race or gender). In this paper, we present an information-theoretic framework to analyze the disparate impact of a binary classification model. We view the model as a fixed channel, and quantify dispara...